From: John Tsiombikas Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2022 17:57:34 +0000 (+0200) Subject: reorganization X-Git-Url: http://git.mutantstargoat.com/user/nuclear/?p=eightysix;a=commitdiff_plain;h=426ed1c5006c82261fee2eea3feafe3282b2b862 reorganization --- diff --git a/.gdbinit b/.gdbinit deleted file mode 100644 index f0a6182..0000000 --- a/.gdbinit +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -target remote localhost:1234 -disp/i $pc -set disassembly-flavor intel -set architecture i8086 diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f288702 --- /dev/null +++ b/COPYING @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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If not, see . + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + + If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Copyright (C) + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands +might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". + + You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, +if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. +For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see +. + + The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program +into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you +may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with +the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General +Public License instead of this License. But first, please read +. diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 44d9d66..0000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -disk_numsec = 720 -#disk_numsec = 2880 - -bin = bootldr -img = bootldr.img - -CC = ia16-elf-gcc -LD = ia16-elf-ld - -CFLAGS = -march=i8088 -mtune=i8088 - -$(img): $(bin) - dd if=/dev/zero of=$@ bs=512 count=$(disk_numsec) - dd if=$< of=$@ bs=512 conv=notrunc - -$(bin): boot/boot.o boot/boot2.o boot/main.o - $(LD) -T boot.ld -Map boot.map -o $@ $^ - -%.o: %.asm - nasm -o $@ -f elf $< - -.PHONY: clean -clean: - rm -f boot/*.o $(bin) - - -.PHONY: run -run: $(img) - qemu-system-i386 -fda $(img) -serial file:serial.log - -.PHONY: debug -debug: $(img) - qemu-system-i386 -fda $(img) -serial file:serial.log -s -S - -.PHONY: disasm -disasm: $(bin) - ndisasm -o 0x7c00 $< >dis1 - ndisasm -o 0x80000 -e 512 $< >dis2 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab59a86 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +eightysix +========= +16bit UNIX for 8088/8086 IBM PC, XT, and compatibles. + +License +------- +Copyright (C) 2022 John Tsiombikas + +All parts of this project are free software. Feel free to use, modify, and/or +redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3, or at +your option any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. See +COPYING for details. diff --git a/boot.ld b/boot.ld deleted file mode 100644 index 99bc701..0000000 --- a/boot.ld +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -OUTPUT_FORMAT(binary) -ENTRY(_start) - -SECTIONS { - . = 0x7c00; - .bootsect : { - * (.bootsect); - } - _bootsect_end = .; - - /* load high out of the way, to allow stage2 to load the kernel low */ - . = 0x80000; - _stage2_start = .; - _stage2_start_seg = _stage2_start >> 4; - .text : AT(_bootsect_end) { - * (.startup); - * (.text*); - } - .data : { - * (.rodata*); - * (.data*); - } - .bss ALIGN(4) (NOLOAD): { - _bss_start = .; - _bss_start_off = _bss_start - _stage2_start; - * (.bss*); - * (COMMON); - . = ALIGN(4); - } - _bss_size = SIZEOF(.bss); - . = ALIGN(4); - _stage2_end = .; - _stage2_size = _stage2_end - _stage2_start; -}; diff --git a/boot/boot.asm b/boot/boot.asm deleted file mode 100644 index 96506de..0000000 --- a/boot/boot.asm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,257 +0,0 @@ -; first stage boot loader - cpu 8086 - bits 16 - section .bootsect - -extern _stage2_start_seg -extern _stage2_size - -boot_driveno equ 7b00h -num_read_tries equ 7b06h ; 2 bytes -sect_pending equ 7b08h ; 2 bytes -sect_per_track equ 7b0ah ; 2 bytes -cur_head equ 7b0ch ; 2 bytes - current head -start_sect equ 7b0eh ; 2 bytes - start sector in track -destptr equ 7b10h ; 2 bytes - destination pointer -num_heads equ 7b12h ; 2 bytes - number of heads -cur_cyl equ 7b14h ; 2 bytes - current cylinder - -%macro floppy_motor_off 0 - pushf - and dl, 80h - jnz %%end ; skip if high bit is set (i.e. it's not a floppy) - mov dx, 3f2h - in al, dx - and al, 0fh - out dx, al -%%end: popf -%endmacro - -; 5.25" 360K floppy -BPB_DISK_SECTORS equ 720 -BPB_TRACK_SECTORS equ 9 -BPB_MEDIA_TYPE equ 0fdh -; 3.5" 1.44M floppy -;BPB_DISK_SECTORS equ 2880 -;BPB_TRACK_SECTORS equ 18 -;BPB_MEDIA_TYPE equ 0f0h - -bios_param_block: - jmp start ; 2 bytes - nop ; 1 byte - ; start of BPB at offset 3 - db "86BOOT00" ; 03h: OEM ident, 8 bytes - dw 512 ; 0bh: bytes per sector - db 1 ; 0dh: sectors per cluster - dw 1 ; 0eh: reserved sectors (including boot record) - db 2 ; 10h: number of FATs - dw 224 ; 11h: number of dir entries - dw BPB_DISK_SECTORS ; 13h: number of sectors in volume - db BPB_MEDIA_TYPE ; 15h: media descriptor type (f0 = 3.5" HD floppy) - dw 9 ; 16h: number of sectors per FAT - dw BPB_TRACK_SECTORS ; 18h: number of sectors per track - dw 2 ; 1ah: number of heads - dd 0 ; 1ch: number of hidden sectors - dd 0 ; 20h: high bits of sector count - db 0 ; 24h: drive number - db 0 ; 25h: winnt flags - db 28h ; 26h: signature(?) - dd 0 ; 27h: volume serial number - db "80 SIX BOOT"; 2bh: volume label, 11 bytes - db "FAT12 " ; 36h: filesystem id, 8 bytes - -start: - cld - xor ax, ax - mov ds, ax - mov es, ax - jmp 00:.setcs -.setcs: - ; put the stack high - mov ax, 0x7f00 - mov ss, ax - xor sp, sp - mov [boot_driveno], dl - - ; query sectors per track - mov ah, 8 ; get drive parameters call, dl already has the drive - xor di, di - int 13h - jc .queryfail - and cx, 3fh - mov [sect_per_track], cx - mov cl, 8 - shr dx, cl - inc dx - mov [num_heads], dx - jmp .querydone -.queryfail: - ; in case of failure, try 18 sectors per track, 2 heads - mov word [sect_per_track], 18 - mov word [num_heads], 2 -.querydone: - - ; load the rest of the code high - mov ax, _stage2_size - add ax, 511 - mov cl, 9 - shr ax, cl - inc ax - mov [sect_pending], ax - mov ax, _stage2_start_seg - mov es, ax ; destination segment - mov word [destptr], 0 - mov word [start_sect], 1 ; start from sector 1 to skip boot sector - mov word [cur_cyl], 0 - mov word [cur_head], 0 - -.rdloop: - mov cx, [start_sect] - mov ax, [sect_pending] - sub ax, cx ; num_sect = pending - start_sect - cmp ax, [sect_per_track] - jbe .noadj - mov ax, [sect_per_track] ; read max sect_per_track at a time - sub ax, cx -.noadj: test ax, ax - jz .done - push ax ; save how many sectors we're reading - - push ax - push bx - push cx - push dx - push si - call print_hex_word - mov ax, str_rdtrack2 - call printstr - mov ax, [cur_cyl] - call print_hex_byte - mov ax, str_rdtrack3 - call printstr - mov ax, [cur_head] - call print_hex_byte - mov ax, str_rdtrack3 - call printstr - mov ax, [start_sect] - call print_hex_byte - mov ax, str_newline - call printstr - pop si - pop dx - pop cx - pop bx - pop ax - - mov ch, [cur_cyl] - mov dh, [cur_head] - mov bx, [destptr] - - inc cl ; sector numbers start from 1 - mov ah, 2 ; read sectors is call 2 - mov dl, [boot_driveno] - int 13h - jc .fail - ; track read sucessfully - mov word [start_sect], 0 ; all subsequent tracks are whole - mov ax, [cur_head] - inc ax - cmp ax, [num_heads] - jnz .skip_cyl_adv - xor ax, ax - inc byte [cur_cyl] -.skip_cyl_adv: - mov [cur_head], ax - - pop ax ; num_sect - sub [sect_pending], ax - push cx - mov cl, 9 - shl ax, cl ; convert to bytes - pop cx - add [destptr], ax - jnz .rdloop - - ; loaded sucessfully, load segment registers and jump -.done: mov ax, _stage2_start_seg - mov ds, ax - mov es, ax - push ax - xor ax, ax - push ax - retf - - -.fail: add sp, 2 ; clear num_sect off the stack - dec word [num_read_tries] - jz .abort - - ; reset controller and retry - xor ax, ax - mov dl, [boot_driveno] - int 13h - jmp .rdloop - - ; failed to load second sector -.abort: xor ax, ax - mov es, ax - floppy_motor_off ; turn off floppy motor (if dl is < 80h) - mov ax, str_load_fail - call printstr -.hang: hlt - jmp .hang - - ; expects string ptr in ax -printstr: - mov si, ax -.loop: mov al, [si] - inc si - test al, al - jz .done - mov ah, 0eh - mov bx, 7 - int 10h - jmp .loop -.done: ret - -print_hex_word: - mov cx, 4 ; 4 digits to print - jmp print_n_hex_digits - -print_hex_byte: - mov cx, 2 ; 2 digits to print - mov ah, al ; move them in place - -print_n_hex_digits: - rol ax, 1 - rol ax, 1 - rol ax, 1 - rol ax, 1 - mov dx, ax ; save ax, print_hex_digit destroys it - call print_hex_digit - mov ax, dx - dec cx - jnz print_n_hex_digits - ret - -print_hex_digit: - mov bl, al - and bx, 0fh - mov al, [bx + .hexdig_tab] - mov ah, 0eh - mov bx, 7 - int 10h - ret - -.hexdig_tab: - db "0123456789abcdef" - -str_rdtrack2 db " from ",0 -str_rdtrack3 db "/",0 -str_load_fail db "Failed to load 2nd stage!",0 -str_newline db 13,10,0 - - times 510-($-$$) db 0 -bootsig dw 0xaa55 - -; vi:set ts=8 sts=8 sw=8 ft=nasm: diff --git a/boot/boot2.asm b/boot/boot2.asm deleted file mode 100644 index c90cef6..0000000 --- a/boot/boot2.asm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -; second stage boot loader C startup - cpu 8086 - bits 16 - section .startup - -extern bootmain -extern _stage2_start_seg -extern _bss_start_off -extern _bss_size - -global _start -_start: - ; TODO floppy off if necessary - - ; zero .bss - mov di, _bss_start_off - mov cx, _bss_size - shr cx, 1 - rep stosw - xor ax, ax - mov es, ax - - call bootmain - -hang: hlt - jmp hang - -; vi:set ts=8 sts=8 sw=8 ft=nasm: diff --git a/boot/main.c b/boot/main.c deleted file mode 100644 index 7110581..0000000 --- a/boot/main.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -void bootmain(void) -{ - int i, j; - unsigned short __far *vmem = (void __far*)0xb8000000ul; - unsigned short c; - - for(i=0; i<25; i++) { - c = ((i & 0xf) << 8) | '@'; - for(j=0; j<80; j++) { - *vmem++ = c; - } - } -} diff --git a/kern/.gdbinit b/kern/.gdbinit new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0a6182 --- /dev/null +++ b/kern/.gdbinit @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +target remote localhost:1234 +disp/i $pc +set disassembly-flavor intel +set architecture i8086 diff --git a/kern/Makefile b/kern/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44d9d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/kern/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +disk_numsec = 720 +#disk_numsec = 2880 + +bin = bootldr +img = bootldr.img + +CC = ia16-elf-gcc +LD = ia16-elf-ld + +CFLAGS = -march=i8088 -mtune=i8088 + +$(img): $(bin) + dd if=/dev/zero of=$@ bs=512 count=$(disk_numsec) + dd if=$< of=$@ bs=512 conv=notrunc + +$(bin): boot/boot.o boot/boot2.o boot/main.o + $(LD) -T boot.ld -Map boot.map -o $@ $^ + +%.o: %.asm + nasm -o $@ -f elf $< + +.PHONY: clean +clean: + rm -f boot/*.o $(bin) + + +.PHONY: run +run: $(img) + qemu-system-i386 -fda $(img) -serial file:serial.log + +.PHONY: debug +debug: $(img) + qemu-system-i386 -fda $(img) -serial file:serial.log -s -S + +.PHONY: disasm +disasm: $(bin) + ndisasm -o 0x7c00 $< >dis1 + ndisasm -o 0x80000 -e 512 $< >dis2 diff --git a/kern/kern.ld b/kern/kern.ld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99bc701 --- /dev/null +++ b/kern/kern.ld @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +OUTPUT_FORMAT(binary) +ENTRY(_start) + +SECTIONS { + . = 0x7c00; + .bootsect : { + * (.bootsect); + } + _bootsect_end = .; + + /* load high out of the way, to allow stage2 to load the kernel low */ + . = 0x80000; + _stage2_start = .; + _stage2_start_seg = _stage2_start >> 4; + .text : AT(_bootsect_end) { + * (.startup); + * (.text*); + } + .data : { + * (.rodata*); + * (.data*); + } + .bss ALIGN(4) (NOLOAD): { + _bss_start = .; + _bss_start_off = _bss_start - _stage2_start; + * (.bss*); + * (COMMON); + . = ALIGN(4); + } + _bss_size = SIZEOF(.bss); + . = ALIGN(4); + _stage2_end = .; + _stage2_size = _stage2_end - _stage2_start; +}; diff --git a/kern/src/boot.asm b/kern/src/boot.asm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96506de --- /dev/null +++ b/kern/src/boot.asm @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +; first stage boot loader + cpu 8086 + bits 16 + section .bootsect + +extern _stage2_start_seg +extern _stage2_size + +boot_driveno equ 7b00h +num_read_tries equ 7b06h ; 2 bytes +sect_pending equ 7b08h ; 2 bytes +sect_per_track equ 7b0ah ; 2 bytes +cur_head equ 7b0ch ; 2 bytes - current head +start_sect equ 7b0eh ; 2 bytes - start sector in track +destptr equ 7b10h ; 2 bytes - destination pointer +num_heads equ 7b12h ; 2 bytes - number of heads +cur_cyl equ 7b14h ; 2 bytes - current cylinder + +%macro floppy_motor_off 0 + pushf + and dl, 80h + jnz %%end ; skip if high bit is set (i.e. it's not a floppy) + mov dx, 3f2h + in al, dx + and al, 0fh + out dx, al +%%end: popf +%endmacro + +; 5.25" 360K floppy +BPB_DISK_SECTORS equ 720 +BPB_TRACK_SECTORS equ 9 +BPB_MEDIA_TYPE equ 0fdh +; 3.5" 1.44M floppy +;BPB_DISK_SECTORS equ 2880 +;BPB_TRACK_SECTORS equ 18 +;BPB_MEDIA_TYPE equ 0f0h + +bios_param_block: + jmp start ; 2 bytes + nop ; 1 byte + ; start of BPB at offset 3 + db "86BOOT00" ; 03h: OEM ident, 8 bytes + dw 512 ; 0bh: bytes per sector + db 1 ; 0dh: sectors per cluster + dw 1 ; 0eh: reserved sectors (including boot record) + db 2 ; 10h: number of FATs + dw 224 ; 11h: number of dir entries + dw BPB_DISK_SECTORS ; 13h: number of sectors in volume + db BPB_MEDIA_TYPE ; 15h: media descriptor type (f0 = 3.5" HD floppy) + dw 9 ; 16h: number of sectors per FAT + dw BPB_TRACK_SECTORS ; 18h: number of sectors per track + dw 2 ; 1ah: number of heads + dd 0 ; 1ch: number of hidden sectors + dd 0 ; 20h: high bits of sector count + db 0 ; 24h: drive number + db 0 ; 25h: winnt flags + db 28h ; 26h: signature(?) + dd 0 ; 27h: volume serial number + db "80 SIX BOOT"; 2bh: volume label, 11 bytes + db "FAT12 " ; 36h: filesystem id, 8 bytes + +start: + cld + xor ax, ax + mov ds, ax + mov es, ax + jmp 00:.setcs +.setcs: + ; put the stack high + mov ax, 0x7f00 + mov ss, ax + xor sp, sp + mov [boot_driveno], dl + + ; query sectors per track + mov ah, 8 ; get drive parameters call, dl already has the drive + xor di, di + int 13h + jc .queryfail + and cx, 3fh + mov [sect_per_track], cx + mov cl, 8 + shr dx, cl + inc dx + mov [num_heads], dx + jmp .querydone +.queryfail: + ; in case of failure, try 18 sectors per track, 2 heads + mov word [sect_per_track], 18 + mov word [num_heads], 2 +.querydone: + + ; load the rest of the code high + mov ax, _stage2_size + add ax, 511 + mov cl, 9 + shr ax, cl + inc ax + mov [sect_pending], ax + mov ax, _stage2_start_seg + mov es, ax ; destination segment + mov word [destptr], 0 + mov word [start_sect], 1 ; start from sector 1 to skip boot sector + mov word [cur_cyl], 0 + mov word [cur_head], 0 + +.rdloop: + mov cx, [start_sect] + mov ax, [sect_pending] + sub ax, cx ; num_sect = pending - start_sect + cmp ax, [sect_per_track] + jbe .noadj + mov ax, [sect_per_track] ; read max sect_per_track at a time + sub ax, cx +.noadj: test ax, ax + jz .done + push ax ; save how many sectors we're reading + + push ax + push bx + push cx + push dx + push si + call print_hex_word + mov ax, str_rdtrack2 + call printstr + mov ax, [cur_cyl] + call print_hex_byte + mov ax, str_rdtrack3 + call printstr + mov ax, [cur_head] + call print_hex_byte + mov ax, str_rdtrack3 + call printstr + mov ax, [start_sect] + call print_hex_byte + mov ax, str_newline + call printstr + pop si + pop dx + pop cx + pop bx + pop ax + + mov ch, [cur_cyl] + mov dh, [cur_head] + mov bx, [destptr] + + inc cl ; sector numbers start from 1 + mov ah, 2 ; read sectors is call 2 + mov dl, [boot_driveno] + int 13h + jc .fail + ; track read sucessfully + mov word [start_sect], 0 ; all subsequent tracks are whole + mov ax, [cur_head] + inc ax + cmp ax, [num_heads] + jnz .skip_cyl_adv + xor ax, ax + inc byte [cur_cyl] +.skip_cyl_adv: + mov [cur_head], ax + + pop ax ; num_sect + sub [sect_pending], ax + push cx + mov cl, 9 + shl ax, cl ; convert to bytes + pop cx + add [destptr], ax + jnz .rdloop + + ; loaded sucessfully, load segment registers and jump +.done: mov ax, _stage2_start_seg + mov ds, ax + mov es, ax + push ax + xor ax, ax + push ax + retf + + +.fail: add sp, 2 ; clear num_sect off the stack + dec word [num_read_tries] + jz .abort + + ; reset controller and retry + xor ax, ax + mov dl, [boot_driveno] + int 13h + jmp .rdloop + + ; failed to load second sector +.abort: xor ax, ax + mov es, ax + floppy_motor_off ; turn off floppy motor (if dl is < 80h) + mov ax, str_load_fail + call printstr +.hang: hlt + jmp .hang + + ; expects string ptr in ax +printstr: + mov si, ax +.loop: mov al, [si] + inc si + test al, al + jz .done + mov ah, 0eh + mov bx, 7 + int 10h + jmp .loop +.done: ret + +print_hex_word: + mov cx, 4 ; 4 digits to print + jmp print_n_hex_digits + +print_hex_byte: + mov cx, 2 ; 2 digits to print + mov ah, al ; move them in place + +print_n_hex_digits: + rol ax, 1 + rol ax, 1 + rol ax, 1 + rol ax, 1 + mov dx, ax ; save ax, print_hex_digit destroys it + call print_hex_digit + mov ax, dx + dec cx + jnz print_n_hex_digits + ret + +print_hex_digit: + mov bl, al + and bx, 0fh + mov al, [bx + .hexdig_tab] + mov ah, 0eh + mov bx, 7 + int 10h + ret + +.hexdig_tab: + db "0123456789abcdef" + +str_rdtrack2 db " from ",0 +str_rdtrack3 db "/",0 +str_load_fail db "Failed to load 2nd stage!",0 +str_newline db 13,10,0 + + times 510-($-$$) db 0 +bootsig dw 0xaa55 + +; vi:set ts=8 sts=8 sw=8 ft=nasm: diff --git a/kern/src/main.c b/kern/src/main.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7110581 --- /dev/null +++ b/kern/src/main.c @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +void bootmain(void) +{ + int i, j; + unsigned short __far *vmem = (void __far*)0xb8000000ul; + unsigned short c; + + for(i=0; i<25; i++) { + c = ((i & 0xf) << 8) | '@'; + for(j=0; j<80; j++) { + *vmem++ = c; + } + } +} diff --git a/kern/src/startup.asm b/kern/src/startup.asm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c90cef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/kern/src/startup.asm @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +; second stage boot loader C startup + cpu 8086 + bits 16 + section .startup + +extern bootmain +extern _stage2_start_seg +extern _bss_start_off +extern _bss_size + +global _start +_start: + ; TODO floppy off if necessary + + ; zero .bss + mov di, _bss_start_off + mov cx, _bss_size + shr cx, 1 + rep stosw + xor ax, ax + mov es, ax + + call bootmain + +hang: hlt + jmp hang + +; vi:set ts=8 sts=8 sw=8 ft=nasm: