X-Git-Url: http://git.mutantstargoat.com/user/nuclear/?p=ld42_outofspace;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fgamescr.cc;h=4bac184a9f8fe7fa8cbeee8d00f9ece739c9ed67;hp=d51c16a9471d6c28099bd53d6e1f01cb76bdfb81;hb=d0367d9119f81afd77045481b9e53d5a17b89a73;hpb=89df915930177f3bc5f71095562c6e15074be220

diff --git a/src/gamescr.cc b/src/gamescr.cc
index d51c16a..4bac184 100644
--- a/src/gamescr.cc
+++ b/src/gamescr.cc
@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@
 #include "opengl.h"
 #include "texture.h"
 #include "sdr.h"
+#include "mesh.h"
+#include "meshgen.h"
+#include "goatkit/goatkit.h"
 
 /* NOTES:
  * - whistle hhgg music
- * - colliding particles merge
  * - select objects and center camera on them
+ * - we need to rely on actual collisions instead of grid occupancy
  */
 
 struct Particle {
@@ -18,6 +21,10 @@ struct Particle {
 	float mass;
 	Vec2 pos;
 	Vec2 vel;
+
+	float vis_height;
+
+	Particle *next, *prev;
 };
 
 struct Emitter {
@@ -25,6 +32,8 @@ struct Emitter {
 	float mass;
 	float rate, chunk;
 	float angle, spread;
+
+	float spawn_pending;
 };
 
 struct Rect {
@@ -32,10 +41,20 @@ struct Rect {
 	int width, height;
 };
 
+struct QuadMesh {
+	Vec3 *v;
+	Vec2 *uv;
+	uint16_t *idx;
+
+	int num_verts, num_idx, num_quads;
+
+	unsigned int vbo_v, vbo_uv, ibo;
+};
+
 #define SIM_DT		0.016
 
 #define GRID_SIZE	2048
-#define GRID_BITS	12
+#define GRID_BITS	11
 #define GRID_X(idx)	(((idx) >> GRID_BITS) & (GRID_SIZE - 1))
 #define GRID_Y(idx)	((idx) & (GRID_SIZE - 1))
 #define GRID_DELTA	((float)FIELD_SIZE / (float)GRID_SIZE)
@@ -44,32 +63,83 @@ struct Rect {
 #define MIN_CAM_DIST	1.0f
 #define MAX_CAM_DIST	350.0f
 
-#define MASS_TO_RAD(m)	log((m) + 1.0)
+#define MASS_TO_RADIUS(m)	log((m) + 1.0)
 
 #define CONTRIB_THRES	0.005
 #define CONTRIB_RANGE(m) sqrt((m) / CONTRIB_THRES)
 
+/* gravitational strength */
+#define GRAV_STR	16.0f
+
+#define INIT_MASS_BUDGET	600.0f
+#define EM_MASS_DEFAULT		100.0f
+
+static int pos_to_grid_x_noclamp(float x);
+static int pos_to_grid_y_noclamp(float y);
 static int pos_to_grid(float x, float y);
 static Vec2 grid_to_pos(int gx, int gy);
 
+static void calc_contrib_bounds(const Vec2 &pos, float mass, Rect *rect);
+static void add_influence(const Vec2 &pos, float mass, float radius, const Rect &cbox);
+
+static Vec2 calc_field_grad(int gidx);
+
+static void destroy_quadmesh(QuadMesh *m);
+static void draw_quadmesh(const QuadMesh *m, unsigned int prim = GL_QUADS);
+static void gen_quad_plane(QuadMesh *mesh, float width, float height, int usub, int vsub);
+
+static void spawn_particle(const Vec2 &pos, const Vec2 &vel, float mass);
+static void add_particle(Particle *p);
+static void remove_particle(Particle *p);
+static Particle *alloc_particle();
+void free_particle(Particle *p);
+
+static bool pause;
+
 static float grid[GRID_SIZE * GRID_SIZE];
-static Particle grid_part[GRID_SIZE * GRID_SIZE];
+static Particle *grid_part[GRID_SIZE * GRID_SIZE];
 static Texture *grid_tex;
 
+static Particle *plist;
+
 static std::vector<Emitter*> emitters;
 
 static Texture *gvis_tex;	// texture tile for visualizing a grid
 static unsigned int field_sdr;
+static int tess_level = 64;
+static float field_scale = 16.0f;
 
+static QuadMesh field_mesh;
+
+static Mesh *pmesh;
+static unsigned int particle_sdr;
+
+static Vec2 cam_pos;
 static float cam_theta;
 static float cam_dist = 100.0f;
-static Vec2 *targ_pos;
+static Vec2 *targ_pos = &cam_pos;
 static Mat4 view_matrix, proj_matrix;
 
+static bool wireframe;
+static int mouse_x, mouse_y;
+
 // emitter placement data (filled by event handlers, completed in update)
 static bool emit_place_pending;
 static Vec2 emit_place_pos;
 
+static bool placing_emitter;
+
+static float mass_left;
+
+// UI
+static void ui_handler(goatkit::Widget *w, const goatkit::Event &ev, void *cls);
+static int ui_virt_width = 800;
+static int ui_virt_height = 600;
+static goatkit::Screen *ui;
+static goatkit::Button *bn_emitter;
+static goatkit::Slider *slider_mass;
+static bool mouse_over_ui;
+
 
 bool GameScreen::init()
 {
@@ -97,78 +167,208 @@ bool GameScreen::init()
 	}
 	set_uniform_int(field_sdr, "gvis_tex", 0);
 	set_uniform_int(field_sdr, "field_tex", 1);
-	set_uniform_int(field_sdr, "tess_level", 2);
+	set_uniform_float(field_sdr, "gvis_scale", FIELD_SIZE / 32.0f);
+	set_uniform_int(field_sdr, "tess_level", tess_level);
+	set_uniform_float(field_sdr, "field_scale", field_scale);
+
+	gen_quad_plane(&field_mesh, FIELD_SIZE, FIELD_SIZE, 32, 32);
+
+	pmesh = new Mesh;
+	gen_geosphere(pmesh, 1.0, 2);
+
+	if(!(particle_sdr = create_program_load("sdr/sph.v.glsl", "sdr/sph.p.glsl"))) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	mass_left = INIT_MASS_BUDGET;
+
+	ui = new goatkit::Screen;
+	ui->hide();
+
+	bn_emitter = new goatkit::Button;
+	bn_emitter->set_position(5, 5);
+	bn_emitter->set_size(250, 30);
+	bn_emitter->set_text("new white hole");
+	bn_emitter->set_callback(goatkit::EV_CLICK, ui_handler);
+	ui->add_widget(bn_emitter);
 
-	// XXX DBG
-	emit_place_pos = Vec2(0, 0);
-	emit_place_pending = true;
+	slider_mass = new goatkit::Slider;
+	slider_mass->set_position(300, 5);
+	slider_mass->set_size(400, 30);
+	slider_mass->set_continuous_change(false);
+	slider_mass->set_range(0, mass_left);
+	slider_mass->set_value(EM_MASS_DEFAULT);
+	slider_mass->set_callback(goatkit::EV_CHANGE, ui_handler);
+	ui->add_widget(slider_mass);
 
+	ui->set_visibility_transition(300);
+
+	assert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
 	return true;
 }
 
 void GameScreen::destroy()
 {
+	free_program(field_sdr);
 	delete gvis_tex;
+	delete grid_tex;
+	destroy_quadmesh(&field_mesh);
+	delete pmesh;
+
+	delete bn_emitter;
 }
 
-static void calc_contrib_bounds(const Emitter *em, Rect *rect)
+void GameScreen::start()
 {
-	int gidx = pos_to_grid(em->pos.x, em->pos.y);
-	int gx = GRID_X(gidx);
-	int gy = GRID_Y(gidx);
-	int maxrange = (int)ceil(CONTRIB_RANGE(em->mass));
-
-	int sx = gx - maxrange;
-	int sy = gy - maxrange;
-	int ex = gx + maxrange;
-	int ey = gy + maxrange;
-
-	if(ex > GRID_SIZE) ex = GRID_SIZE;
-	if(ey > GRID_SIZE) ey = GRID_SIZE;
+	ui->show();
+	slider_mass->hide();
+}
 
-	rect->x = sx < 0 ? 0 : sx;
-	rect->y = sy < 0 ? 0 : sy;
-	rect->width = ex - sx;
-	rect->height = ey - sy;
+void GameScreen::stop()
+{
 }
 
 static void simstep()
 {
-	// calculate gravitational field - assume field within radius constant: m / r^2
+	if(pause) return;
+
+	// distribute forces
+	Particle *p = plist;
+	while(p) {
+		int num_emitters = emitters.size();
+		for(int i=0; i<num_emitters; i++) {
+			Emitter *em = emitters[i];
+			Vec2 dir = p->pos - em->pos;
+			p->vel += dir * em->mass * GRAV_STR * 0.01 / dot(dir, dir) * SIM_DT;
+		}
 
-	// first clear the field, and then add contributions
-	memset(grid, 0, sizeof grid);
+		Particle *q = plist;
+		while(q) {
+			if(p != q) {
+				Vec2 dir = q->pos - p->pos;
+				float accel = GRAV_STR * q->mass / dot(dir, dir);
+				p->vel += dir * accel * SIM_DT;
+			}
+			q = q->next;
+		}
+		p = p->next;
+	}
 
-	// contribution of emitters
+	// move existing particles
+	p = plist;
+	while(p) {
+		// calculate the field gradient at the particle position
+		int gidx = pos_to_grid(p->pos.x, p->pos.y);
+		//Vec2 grad = calc_field_grad(gidx) * GRAV_STR;
+
+		//p->vel += grad * SIM_DT;
+		p->pos += p->vel * SIM_DT;
+
+		// if it moved outside of the simulation field, remove it
+		int gx = pos_to_grid_x_noclamp(p->pos.x);
+		int gy = pos_to_grid_y_noclamp(p->pos.y);
+		if(gx < 0 || gx >= GRID_SIZE || gy < 0 || gy >= GRID_SIZE) {
+			Particle *next = p->next;
+			grid_part[gidx] = 0;
+			remove_particle(p);
+			free_particle(p);
+			p = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// find the grid cell it's moving to
+		int gidx_next = pos_to_grid(p->pos.x, p->pos.y);
+		p->vis_height = 0.0f;//-grid[gidx_next] * field_scale;
+
+		if(gidx_next == gidx) {
+			p = p->next;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		Particle *destp = grid_part[gidx_next];
+		if(destp) {
+			assert(destp != p);
+			// another particle at the destination, merge them
+			destp->vel += p->vel;
+			destp->mass += p->mass;
+			destp->radius = MASS_TO_RADIUS(destp->mass);
+
+			// ... and remove it
+			grid_part[gidx] = 0;
+			Particle *next = p->next;
+			remove_particle(p);
+			free_particle(p);
+			p = next;
+		} else {
+			// destination is empty, go there
+			if(gidx != gidx_next) {
+				grid_part[gidx] = 0;
+				grid_part[gidx_next] = p;
+			}
+
+			p = p->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO destroy particles which left the simulation field
+
+	// spawn particles
 	int num_emitters = emitters.size();
 	for(int i=0; i<num_emitters; i++) {
 		Emitter *em = emitters[i];
-		Rect cbox;
-		calc_contrib_bounds(em, &cbox);
-		float emradius = MASS_TO_RAD(em->mass);
+		em->spawn_pending += em->rate * SIM_DT;
+		while(em->spawn_pending >= 1.0f && em->mass > 0.0f) {
+			Vec2 pvel;	// XXX calc eject velocity
 
-		float *gptr = grid + cbox.y * GRID_SIZE + cbox.x;
-		Vec2 startpos = grid_to_pos(cbox.x, cbox.y);
+			float angle = (float)rand() / (float)RAND_MAX * (M_PI * 2.0);
+			float emradius = MASS_TO_RADIUS(em->mass);
+			Vec2 ppos = em->pos + Vec2(cos(angle), sin(angle)) * emradius * 1.00001;
 
-		for(int y=0; y<cbox.height; y++) {
-			for(int x=0; x<cbox.width; x++) {
-				Vec2 cellpos = Vec2(startpos.x + (float)x * GRID_DELTA, startpos.y);
+			float pmass = em->chunk > em->mass ? em->mass : em->chunk;
+			spawn_particle(ppos, pvel, pmass);
+			em->mass -= pmass;
 
-				Vec2 dir = cellpos - em->pos;
-				float dsq = dot(dir, dir);
-				float radsq = emradius * emradius;
-				if(dsq < radsq) {
-					dsq = radsq;
-				}
-
-				gptr[x] -= em->mass / dsq;
-			}
+			em->spawn_pending -= 1.0f;
+		}
+	}
 
-			startpos.y += GRID_DELTA;
-			gptr += GRID_SIZE;
+	// remove dead emitters
+	std::vector<Emitter*>::iterator it = emitters.begin();
+	while(it != emitters.end()) {
+		Emitter *em = *it;
+
+		if(em->mass <= 0.0f) {
+			printf("emitter depleted\n");
+			it = emitters.erase(it);
+			delete em;
+		} else {
+			it++;
 		}
 	}
 
+	// calculate gravitational field - assume field within radius constant: m / r^2
+	// first clear the field, and then add contributions
+	memset(grid, 0, sizeof grid);
+
+	// contribution of emitters
+	for(int i=0; i<num_emitters; i++) {
+		Emitter *em = emitters[i];
+		Rect cbox;
+		calc_contrib_bounds(em->pos, em->mass, &cbox);
+		float emradius = MASS_TO_RADIUS(em->mass);
+
+		add_influence(em->pos, -em->mass, emradius, cbox);
+	}
+
+	// contribution of particles
+	p = plist;
+	while(p) {
+		Rect cbox;
+		calc_contrib_bounds(p->pos, p->mass, &cbox);
+		add_influence(p->pos, p->mass, p->radius, cbox);
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+
 	// update texture
 	assert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
 	grid_tex->bind();
@@ -179,19 +379,43 @@ static void simstep()
 
 static void update()
 {
+	if(placing_emitter) {
+		float x = (float)mouse_x / (float)win_width;
+		float y = 1.0f - (float)mouse_y / (float)win_height;
+		Ray pick_ray = mouse_pick_ray(x, y, view_matrix, proj_matrix);
+
+		float ndotdir = pick_ray.dir.y;
+		if(fabs(ndotdir) > 1e-6f) {
+			float ndotpdir = -pick_ray.origin.y;
+			float t = ndotpdir / ndotdir;
+
+			x = pick_ray.origin.x + pick_ray.dir.x * t;
+			y = pick_ray.origin.z + pick_ray.dir.z * t;
+
+			if(x >= -FIELD_SIZE / 2 && x < FIELD_SIZE / 2 &&
+					y >= -FIELD_SIZE / 2 && y < FIELD_SIZE / 2) {
+				emit_place_pos = Vec2(x, y);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if(emit_place_pending) {
 		emit_place_pending = false;
 		Emitter *em = new Emitter;
 		em->pos = emit_place_pos;
-		em->mass = 100;
-		em->rate = 1;
-		em->chunk = 0.05;
+		em->mass = slider_mass->get_value();
+		em->rate = 10;
+		em->chunk = 0.001 * em->mass;
 		em->angle = -1;
 		em->spread = 0;
+		em->spawn_pending = 0;
 		emitters.push_back(em);
 
+		mass_left -= em->mass;
+		if(mass_left < 0.0f) mass_left = 0.0f;
+
 		Rect cbox;
-		calc_contrib_bounds(em, &cbox);
+		calc_contrib_bounds(em->pos, em->mass, &cbox);
 		printf("bounds: %d,%d %dx%d\n", cbox.x, cbox.y, cbox.width, cbox.height);
 	}
 
@@ -233,47 +457,88 @@ void GameScreen::draw()
 	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 	glLoadMatrixf(view_matrix[0]);
 
-	glPushAttrib(GL_ENABLE_BIT);
-	glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
-	glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
+	// draw gravitational field
+	if(wireframe) {
+		glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
+
+		float amb[] = {0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0};
+		glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, amb);
+	} else {
+		float amb[] = {0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 1.0};
+		glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, amb);
+	}
 
-	glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
 	bind_texture(gvis_tex, 0);
 	bind_texture(grid_tex, 1);
 
 	glUseProgram(field_sdr);
+	glPatchParameteri(GL_PATCH_VERTICES, 4);
+	draw_quadmesh(&field_mesh, GL_PATCHES);
 
-	float maxu = FIELD_SIZE / 32.0f;
-	float maxv = FIELD_SIZE / 32.0f;
-	float hsz = FIELD_SIZE * 0.5f;
+	if(wireframe) {
+		glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
+	}
 
-	glBegin(GL_QUADS);
-	glColor3f(1, 1, 1);
+	// draw particles
+	glUseProgram(particle_sdr);
 
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(0, 0, 0);
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(1, 0, 0);
-	glVertex3f(-hsz, 0, -hsz);
+	Particle *p = plist;
+	while(p) {
+		int gidx = pos_to_grid(p->pos.x, p->pos.y);
 
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(0, maxu, 0);
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(1, 1, 0);
-	glVertex3f(hsz, 0, -hsz);
+		glPushMatrix();
+		glTranslatef(p->pos.x, p->vis_height, p->pos.y);
+		glScalef(p->radius, p->radius, p->radius);
 
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(0, maxu, maxv);
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(1, 1, 1);
-	glVertex3f(hsz, 0, hsz);
+		pmesh->draw();
 
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(0, 0, maxv);
-	glMultiTexCoord2f(1, 0, 1);
-	glVertex3f(-hsz, 0, hsz);
-	glEnd();
+		glPopMatrix();
+		p = p->next;
+	}
 
 	glUseProgram(0);
 
-	glPopAttrib();
+	// draw emitter placement marker if we are in placement mode
+	if(placing_emitter && !mouse_over_ui) {
+		glPushMatrix();
+		glTranslatef(emit_place_pos.x, 0, emit_place_pos.y);
+
+		glBegin(GL_LINES);
+		glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
+		glVertex3f(0, -1000, 0);
+		glVertex3f(0, 1000, 0);
+		glEnd();
+
+		float s = MASS_TO_RADIUS(slider_mass->get_value());
+		if(s < 0.1) s = 0.1;
+		glScalef(s, s, s);
+
+		glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
+		pmesh->draw();
+		glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
+
+		glPopMatrix();
+	}
+
+	// draw the UI
+	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
+	glLoadIdentity();
+	glOrtho(0, ui_virt_width, ui_virt_height, 0, -1, 1);
+
+	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+	glLoadIdentity();
+
+	ui->draw();
+
+
+	assert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
 }
 
 void GameScreen::reshape(int x, int y)
 {
+	ui_virt_width = x;
+	ui_virt_height = y;
+	ui->set_size(ui_virt_width, ui_virt_height);
 }
 
 
@@ -286,26 +551,92 @@ void GameScreen::keyboard(int key, bool pressed)
 			pop_screen();
 			break;
 
+		case ']':
+			if(tess_level < glcaps.max_tess_level) {
+				tess_level++;
+				printf("tessellation level: %d\n", tess_level);
+				set_uniform_int(field_sdr, "tess_level", tess_level);
+				glUseProgram(0);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case '[':
+			if(tess_level > 1) {
+				tess_level--;
+				printf("tessellation level: %d\n", tess_level);
+				set_uniform_int(field_sdr, "tess_level", tess_level);
+				glUseProgram(0);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case '=':
+			field_scale += 0.5;
+			printf("field scale: %f\n", field_scale);
+			set_uniform_float(field_sdr, "field_scale", field_scale);
+			break;
+
+		case '-':
+			field_scale -= 0.5;
+			if(field_scale < 0.0f) {
+				field_scale = 0.0f;
+			}
+			printf("field scale: %f\n", field_scale);
+			set_uniform_float(field_sdr, "field_scale", field_scale);
+			break;
+
+		case 'w':
+			wireframe = !wireframe;
+			break;
+
+		case ' ':
+			pause = !pause;
+			break;
+
 		default:
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static int prev_x, prev_y;
+#define UI_HEIGHT	50
 
 void GameScreen::mbutton(int bn, bool pressed, int x, int y)
 {
-	prev_x = x;
-	prev_y = y;
+	mouse_x = x;
+	mouse_y = y;
+
+	mouse_over_ui = y < UI_HEIGHT;
+
+	ui->sysev_mouse_button(bn, pressed, x * ui_virt_width / win_width,
+			y * ui_virt_height / win_height);
+
+	if(placing_emitter && bn == 0 && pressed && !mouse_over_ui) {
+		emit_place_pending = true;
+		placing_emitter = false;
+		slider_mass->hide();
+	}
 }
 
 void GameScreen::mmotion(int x, int y)
 {
-	int dx = x - prev_x;
-	int dy = y - prev_y;
-	prev_x = x;
-	prev_y = y;
+	int dx = x - mouse_x;
+	int dy = y - mouse_y;
+	mouse_x = x;
+	mouse_y = y;
+
+	mouse_over_ui = y < UI_HEIGHT;
+
+	ui->sysev_mouse_motion(x * ui_virt_width / win_width, y * ui_virt_height / win_height);
+	if(ui->get_mouse_grab()) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if(game_bnstate(0)) {
+		float pan_speed = pow(cam_dist, 1.5) * 0.00035;	// magic
+		Vec2 dir = rotate(Vec2(dx, dy) * pan_speed, deg_to_rad(cam_theta));
+		cam_pos.x -= dir.x;
+		cam_pos.y -= dir.y;
+	}
 
 	if(game_bnstate(2)) {
 		cam_theta += dx * 0.5;
@@ -319,11 +650,42 @@ void GameScreen::mwheel(int dir, int x, int y)
 	if(cam_dist > MAX_CAM_DIST) cam_dist = MAX_CAM_DIST;
 }
 
+static void ui_handler(goatkit::Widget *w, const goatkit::Event &ev, void *cls)
+{
+	if(w == bn_emitter) {
+		if(placing_emitter) {
+			placing_emitter = false;
+			slider_mass->hide();
+		} else {
+			if(mass_left > 0.0f) {
+				placing_emitter = true;
+				slider_mass->set_range(0, mass_left);
+				slider_mass->set_value(mass_left >= EM_MASS_DEFAULT ? EM_MASS_DEFAULT : mass_left);
+				slider_mass->show();
+			}
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if(w == slider_mass) {
+		printf("foo: %f\n", slider_mass->get_value());
+	}
+}
+
+static int pos_to_grid_x_noclamp(float x)
+{
+	return ((x / (float)FIELD_SIZE) + 0.5f) * (float)GRID_SIZE;
+}
+
+static int pos_to_grid_y_noclamp(float y)
+{
+	return ((y / (float)FIELD_SIZE) + 0.5f) * (float)GRID_SIZE;
+}
 
 static int pos_to_grid(float x, float y)
 {
-	int gx = ((x / (float)FIELD_SIZE) + 0.5f) * (float)GRID_SIZE;
-	int gy = ((y / (float)FIELD_SIZE) + 0.5f) * (float)GRID_SIZE;
+	int gx = pos_to_grid_x_noclamp(x);
+	int gy = pos_to_grid_y_noclamp(y);
 
 	if(gx < 0) gx = 0;
 	if(gx >= GRID_SIZE) gx = GRID_SIZE - 1;
@@ -340,3 +702,239 @@ static Vec2 grid_to_pos(int gx, int gy)
 
 	return Vec2(x, y);
 }
+
+static void calc_contrib_bounds(const Vec2 &pos, float mass, Rect *rect)
+{
+	int gidx = pos_to_grid(pos.x, pos.y);
+	int gx = GRID_X(gidx);
+	int gy = GRID_Y(gidx);
+	int maxrange = (int)ceil(CONTRIB_RANGE(mass));
+
+	int sx = gx - maxrange;
+	int sy = gy - maxrange;
+	int ex = gx + maxrange;
+	int ey = gy + maxrange;
+
+	if(ex > GRID_SIZE) ex = GRID_SIZE;
+	if(ey > GRID_SIZE) ey = GRID_SIZE;
+
+	rect->x = sx < 0 ? 0 : sx;
+	rect->y = sy < 0 ? 0 : sy;
+	rect->width = ex - sx;
+	rect->height = ey - sy;
+}
+
+static void add_influence(const Vec2 &pos, float mass, float radius, const Rect &cbox)
+{
+	float *gptr = grid + cbox.y * GRID_SIZE + cbox.x;
+	Vec2 startpos = grid_to_pos(cbox.x, cbox.y);
+
+	for(int y=0; y<cbox.height; y++) {
+		for(int x=0; x<cbox.width; x++) {
+			Vec2 cellpos = Vec2(startpos.x + (float)x * GRID_DELTA, startpos.y);
+
+			Vec2 dir = cellpos - pos;
+			float dsq = dot(dir, dir);
+			float radsq = radius * radius;
+			if(dsq < radsq) {
+				dsq = radsq;
+			}
+
+			gptr[x] += mass / dsq;
+		}
+
+		startpos.y += GRID_DELTA;
+		gptr += GRID_SIZE;
+	}
+}
+
+static Vec2 calc_field_grad(int gidx)
+{
+	int gx = GRID_X(gidx);
+	int gy = GRID_Y(gidx);
+
+	int nidx = ((gx + 1 >= GRID_SIZE ? gx : gx + 1) << GRID_BITS) | gy;
+	int pidx = ((gx > 0 ? gx - 1 : gx) << GRID_BITS) | gy;
+	float dfdx = grid[nidx] - grid[pidx];
+
+	nidx = (gx << GRID_BITS) | (gy + 1 >= GRID_SIZE ? gy : gy + 1);
+	pidx = (gx << GRID_BITS) | (gy > 0 ? gy - 1 : gy);
+	float dfdy = grid[nidx] - grid[pidx];
+
+	return Vec2(dfdx, dfdy);
+}
+
+
+// ---- quad mesh operations ----
+
+static void destroy_quadmesh(QuadMesh *m)
+{
+	glDeleteBuffers(1, &m->vbo_v);
+	glDeleteBuffers(1, &m->vbo_uv);
+	glDeleteBuffers(1, &m->ibo);
+
+	delete [] m->v;
+	delete [] m->uv;
+	delete [] m->idx;
+}
+
+static void draw_quadmesh(const QuadMesh *m, unsigned int prim)
+{
+	glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+	glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
+
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->vbo_v);
+	glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
+
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->vbo_uv);
+	glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
+
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->ibo);
+	glDrawElements(prim, m->num_idx, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+
+	glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+	glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
+}
+
+static void gen_quad_plane(QuadMesh *m, float width, float height, int usub, int vsub)
+{
+	Vec3 *vptr;
+	Vec2 *uvptr;
+	uint16_t *iptr;
+
+	if(usub < 1) usub = 1;
+	if(vsub < 1) vsub = 1;
+
+	int uverts = usub + 1;
+	int vverts = vsub + 1;
+	m->num_verts = uverts * vverts;
+	m->num_quads = usub * vsub;
+	m->num_idx = m->num_quads * 4;
+
+	vptr = m->v = new Vec3[m->num_verts];
+	uvptr = m->uv = new Vec2[m->num_verts];
+	iptr = m->idx = new uint16_t[m->num_idx];
+
+	float du = 1.0f / (float)usub;
+	float dv = 1.0f / (float)vsub;
+
+	float u = 0.0f;
+	for(int i=0; i<uverts; i++) {
+		float x = (u - 0.5f) * width;
+		float v = 0.0f;
+		for(int j=0; j<vverts; j++) {
+			float y = (v - 0.5f) * height;
+
+			*vptr++ = Vec3(x, 0, y);
+			*uvptr++ = Vec2(u, v);
+
+			if(i < usub && j < vsub) {
+				int idx = i * vverts + j;
+
+				*iptr++ = idx;
+				*iptr++ = idx + 1;
+				*iptr++ = idx + vverts + 1;
+				*iptr++ = idx + vverts;
+			}
+
+			v += dv;
+		}
+		u += du;
+	}
+
+	glGenBuffers(1, &m->vbo_v);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->vbo_v);
+	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->num_verts * 3 * sizeof(float), m->v, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+
+	glGenBuffers(1, &m->vbo_uv);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->vbo_uv);
+	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->num_verts * 2 * sizeof(float), m->uv, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+
+	glGenBuffers(1, &m->ibo);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->ibo);
+	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m->num_idx * sizeof(uint16_t), m->idx, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+}
+
+static void spawn_particle(const Vec2 &pos, const Vec2 &vel, float mass)
+{
+	int gidx = pos_to_grid(pos.x, pos.y);
+
+	if(grid_part[gidx]) {
+		// merge with existing
+		Particle *p = grid_part[gidx];
+		p->vel += vel;
+		p->mass += mass;
+		p->radius = MASS_TO_RADIUS(p->mass);
+
+	} else {
+		Particle *p = alloc_particle();
+		p->pos = pos;
+		p->vel = vel;
+		p->mass = mass;
+		p->radius = MASS_TO_RADIUS(mass);
+		grid_part[gidx] = p;
+
+		add_particle(p);
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_particle(Particle *p)
+{
+	if(plist) plist->prev = p;
+
+	p->next = plist;
+	p->prev = 0;
+	plist = p;
+}
+
+static void remove_particle(Particle *p)
+{
+	assert(plist->prev == 0);
+
+	if(plist == p) {
+		assert(p->prev == 0);
+		plist = p->next;
+	}
+	if(p->prev) {
+		p->prev->next = p->next;
+	}
+	if(p->next) {
+		p->next->prev = p->prev;
+	}
+	p->prev = p->next = 0;
+}
+
+// particle allocator
+#define MAX_PFREE_SIZE	256
+static Particle *pfree_list;
+static int pfree_size;
+
+static Particle *alloc_particle()
+{
+	if(pfree_list) {
+		Particle *p = pfree_list;
+		pfree_list = pfree_list->next;
+		pfree_size--;
+		return p;
+	}
+
+	return new Particle;
+}
+
+void free_particle(Particle *p)
+{
+	if(pfree_size < MAX_PFREE_SIZE) {
+		p->next = pfree_list;
+		p->prev = 0;
+		pfree_list = p;
+		pfree_size++;
+	} else {
+		delete p;
+	}
+}